We further examined whether knock down of Hes 1 also increases GADD45 protein

Several studies have reported that novel plant derived compounds act as antitumor agents through modulation of biological pathways. Maillard Reaction Products such as Glucose tyrosine and Xylose arginine have antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antibacterial effects ABT-737 分子量 and the MR is one of the most common and complex reactions that takes place mainly in foods during thermal processing. Also many studies have reported benefi cial effects associated with maillard reaction products, including antioxidative antimicrobial, antihyper tensive, anticarcinogenic, and antimutagenic properties. However, to date, little is known about other biological effects of MRPs. In this study, we examined whether the fructose tyrosine MRP, HPB242, could modu late cell cycle progression and Specificity protein re pression, and thus induce apoptotic cell death of OSCCs.<br><br> Sp is a transcription factor and universally expressed in all mammalian cells. Specificity protein 1 was recently defined as the Sp krűppel AEB071 臨床試験 like transcription factor and was identified to play a significant role in various physiological processes such as cell cycle regula tion, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, Sp1 is highly expressed in various cancers such as breast carcinoma, thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, cer vical cancer and lung cancer. Regarding its cancer related functions, Sp1 has been suggested to be a novel target for cancer therapy.<br><br> To characterize the effect of 2,4 bis 2 butenal on OSCCs, this study specific ally examined the anti cancer effect of HPB242 on cell viability against two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, HN22 and HSC4, and identified regulated proteins by HPB242 treatment in the cells. In this study, we investigated whether downstream AG-014699 構造 proteins of Sp1 protein and key apoptotic proteins could be affected in their expression toward apoptotic cell death through alteration of Sp1 expression by HPB242 treatment. Our results provide evidence for the chemo therapeutic efficacy of HPB242 in oral squamous cells. Methods Cell culture HN22 and HSC4 cells, a type of human oral squamous cancer cells, were obtained from Dankook University and Hokkaido University re spectively. HN22 and HSC4 were cultured in Hyclone Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium containing 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum and 100 U ml each of penicillin and streptomycin at 37 C with 5% CO2 in humidified air.<br><br> Cell viability assay Cell viability of HN22 and HSC4 cells was accessed using the trypan blue dye exclusion method. Briefly, both HN22 and HSC4 cells were seeded on a 6 well microtiter plate, after which they were treated with different doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ug ml HPB242 for 24 hours and 48 hours. The HN22 and HSC4 cells treated with HPB242 were harvested by trypsinization and washed in cultured media. Trypan blue was added to treated cells, and after 5 min, cells were loaded into a hemocytometer and counted. The number of viable cells was calculated as percent of the total cell population. DAPI staining The number of undergoing apoptotic cells by HPB242 was quantified using 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole staining.